We investigate how vertical unity within a community interacts with horizontal class divisions of an unequal income distribution. Community is conceptualized in terms of a public good to which all those in the community have equal access, but from which outsiders are excluded. We formulate the...

This paper demonstrates how linear programming can be used to derive optimal values of the parameters in formulas allocating state aid to public schools in New York. Although disparities in expenditures and tax rates among districts are not easily reduced by formula modifications, the model...

We investigate how voluntary contributions to community-specific public goods affect (a) the relationship between inequality of incomes and inequality of welfare outcomes, and (b) individuals’ material incentives for supporting income redistribution. We show that the nominal distribution of...