Rural communities in the Upper Midwest continue to experience economic restructuring, caused not only by area agricultural changes, but also by mining and local manufacturing shutdowns. Focusing on two states, Minnesota and North Dakota, this study details the repercussions, and response, of...

Although earnings generally increased in rural areas in the 1990s, Hispanic population growth led to lower wages for at least one segment of the rural populationworkers with a high school degree (skilled workers), particularly men in this skill group. Using data from the Bureau of Economic...

Rural minorities lag behind rural Whites and urban minorities on many crucial economic and social measures. This report examines rural Black, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian and Pacific Islander populations and their economic well-being in the 1980s, an economically difficult decade for...

Literature reports that small and medium firms face greater difficulty in obtaining the necessary export market information and in obtaining financing than do larger firms. Accordingly, the United States has many export promotion and enhancement services, but there is little documentation on the...

This study attempts to determine key characteristics of these secondary workers in seven counties of four states, and the implications that the results of these surveys have on planning for socioeconomic impact management.

An average of 875,000 persons 15 years of age and older did hired farmwork each week as their primary job in 1998. An additional 63,000 people did hired farmwork each week as their secondary job. Hired farmworkers were more likely than the typical U.S. wage and salary worker to be male,...

This report is a continuation of research on the economic and social effects of coal development in western North Dakota. The purpose of the report is to provide a profile of the characteristics of the operating work force in North Dakota's coal mines and electric power generating plants.