The paper examines the importance of pig population density in the area of an outbreak of CSF for the spread of the disease and the choice of control measures. A sector-level market and trade model and a spatial, stochastic, dynamic epidemiological simulation model for the Netherlands were used....

The financial implications of manipulating nitrogen (N) inputs and management strategies for beef production systems were assessed. One-hectare grassland farmlets were grazed to a target sward height by beef steers; herbage surplus to grazing requirements was cut for silage. Three systems were...