include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

the 1990s occurred with a higher than expected frequency in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and lower than expected … the region to understand the role of innovation in development"--World Bank web site …

the empirical relationship between economic development and (1) inside-the-frontier-innovation as reflected by the …-the-frontier innovation as reflected in patents. The data suggest, unsurprisingly, that inside-the-frontier innovation is more common among … changes in the industrial composition of exports. The authors use a simple model of innovation and imitation to test the …

proxy for relative abundance of natural resources, which is based on standard growth theory. In turn, various econometric …

"It is so widely recognized that innovation is a key driver of economic growth that it is cliche to say so. This … article studies product innovation by firms with data from 68 countries, covering more than 25,000 firms in eight … manufacturing sectors. The author assesses the predictions of inter-disciplinary research on innovation by firms. The econometric …

negative relationship between the concentration of innovation portfolios and performance: countries that are the most …