Scientific and technological knowledge is increasingly recognized as a keystone of economic growth and social development. This paper reviews the main components of policy reform strategies designed to increase the efficiency of investments in science and techbology, with specific reference to...

This document is intended to be used by technical and social science staff involved in planning and implementation of water and sanitation facilities for the poor. It may also be useful to social science researchers applying their craft to the low cost water supply and sanitation sector. With...

This report focuses on the risks of climate change to development in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and parts of Europe and Central Asia. Building on earlier Turn Down the Heat reports, this new scientific analysis examines the likely impacts of present day...

Since approximately 1990, most countries in Latin America have embarked on a unilateral process of trade liberalization for agricultural and non-agricultural products, effectively putting an end to four decades of import-substitution policies. Most countries adopted tariffication, with bound...

Many developing countries enforce seed regulations and other policies that obstruct private companies from operating and delivering new technology. This volume presents recommendations and selected papers from an international workshop organized by the World Bank in 1995 to review seed policies...

This report seeks to provide a brief overview of agricultural economies in the region. It identifies where the agrarian economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia stand today, the direction in which they are heading, the rate at which production can be expected to recover, and how this...