ABSTRACT Zero restrictions implied by Gardner's (<link href="#agr21362-bib-0011"/>) model are exploited to develop a simple test for perfect price transmission. Applying the test to the domestic marketing channels for U.S. beef and pork, we reject the hypothesis of competitive market clearing for pork, but not for beef. A...

Notwithstanding substantial federal financial support for the export promotion of agricultural products, ways to enhance the effectiveness of federal funding have not been discussed in empirical research. In this study, an equilibrium displacement framework was developed to evaluate whether the...