milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes …, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers, milk inspectors were tasked with enforcing a well-defined MQS. Using city …-level data for the period 1880-1910, we find that milk inspections reduced mortality from waterborne and foodborne diseases by 8 …

Preferences for male children in Albania are shown to have persisted through nearly half a century of communist rule …

positive impact of migration on job creating activities in Albania. -- Occupational choice ; return migration ; sample …

in Albania. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically, the lack of parental care may cause … –mainly by fathers – is very relevant in Albania where migration has represented the only viable way to cope with increasing … poverty and the absence of public resources for sustaining households’ incomes. Between 1990 and 2005 in Albania 21.7% of …

We conduct a survey and incentivized lab-in-the-field experimental tasks in Tirana, Albania. While the original purpose …

near the poverty line. The proposed approach is applied to the analysis of individual poverty in Albania, finding an …

The collapse of communism led to highly skewed sex-ratios in Albania, which had a long patriarchal tradition before the …