During the transition towards a market economy in Romania most enterprises established at the time of industrialization and urbanization project of the communist period reduced or stopped their activity and many employees lost their jobs. A reverse migration from urban to rural areas took place,...

We compute aggregate productivity of three categories of regions, classified by level of urbanization in the Netherlands, from firm-specific total factor productivity (TFP) measures. TFP measures are estimated by a semi-parametric algorithm, within 2-digit industries, covering agriculture,...