This paper focuses on the U.S. agricultural trade against the remaining of the world. The dynamic ARDL model of error correction version is applied, not only investigating if there is J-curve effect in the short-run or not, but also taking a deep analysis for U.S. recession effects and exchange...

Federal subsidies for nonprice export promotion of farm products have been criticized on the grounds that they merely substitute taxpayer dollars for private promotional expenditures. This ‘‘displacement hypothesis’’ is tested by estimating export demand and...