In the New Economy, the network is considered as more important than the firm itself. In this paper the focus is on chain networks which include vertical networks among chain members, horizontal networks with peers, and networking with third parties. Networks have an important role in the...

As national economies have integrated through removal of trade barriers, the potential for offshoringproduction was quickly recognized as a strategy to enhance firm performance. At thesame time, labor market reforms opened the door for outsourcing of labor services to specialistfirms that supply...

The impact of sectoral or economy wide policy scenarios is often of strong political and public interest, yet it is a scientific challenge. When analyzing different levels of aggregation, the use ofsingle models may not be sufficient. In this paper we establish an interface between the European...

This paper presents a dynamic theory of structural change in which functional changedriven by technological change and transactional change open opportunity for change inscale and scope of enterprises. Implementation of change in scale and scope ofenterprises is constrained by initial state...

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The EU protects EU growers of 15 kinds offresh fruits and vegetables against international competitionnot only by the means of ad valorem tariffs of up to 20%,but also by the EU entry-price system (EPS), which isdesigned to restrict imports below the product-specific,politically designated entry...