Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change...

After joining the WTO in 2002, Taiwan allowed rice imports for the first time by implementing an import quota subject to a special safeguard tariff. In 2003, the import quota was expanded to a two-tier tariff rate import quota system. Although Taiwan maintained land set-asides and domestic...

Replaced with revised version of paper on 10/26/10.

With the prospect of greater uncertainty in world markets, additional progress will be required to minimize the adverse effects of domestic support policies on international trade; otherwise, turbulent global economic conditions will generate even greater uncertainty and instability in world...

New initiatives are needed in order to move the GATT negotiations forward. A Production Entitlements Guarantees (PEG) program would limit the quantity of production of individual farmers eligible to receive support payments. The payments would be tied to production. But the quantity of...

Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or consumption mandate. Two components of market leakage are distinguished: domestic and international. Leakage with both a tax credit and a consumption mandate depends on market...

This paper formalizes the production and export consequences of direct farm payments. Taxpayer financed direct payments distort exit and production incentives, while consumer financed subsidies also imply that the risks of domestic and export production differ. Welfare decompostion and empirical...