Economists around the world rely in addition to official statistics on business (and consumer) surveys, which are more up-to-date. However, for many emerging and developing countries there is a lack of such surveys. This gap can, at least partly, be filled by the Ifo World Economic Survey (WES)....

Notably, the 20th century was dominated by the legacy of devastating global wars, colonial struggles, and ideological conflicts as well as effort s to establish international systems that would foster global peace and prosperity. Yet, insecurity and corruption not only remain, they have become...

Africa is arguably the richest continent in terms of minerals and natural resources. Prior research has also found that Africa has an abundance of entrepreneurs that possess ability to identify business opportunities and to exploit them. The continent’s entrepreneurial performance, however,...

Economists around the world rely in addition to official statistics on business (and consumer) surveys, which are more up-to-date. However, for many emerging and developing countries there is a lack of such surveys. This gap can, at least partly, be filled by the Ifo World Economic Survey (WES)....

This paper analyses the impact of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) on intraregional manufactured exports in Africa. Using data from 1990 to 2015 for 45 African countries, a structural gravity model was estimated using the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator that controlled for...

Economists around the world rely in addition to official statistics on business (and consumer) surveys, which are more up-to-date. However, for many emerging and developing countries there is a lack of such surveys. This gap can, at least partly, be filled by the Ifo World Economic Survey (WES)....

This paper aims to provide a pragmatic policy approach to countering China's influence on trade and investment in the west. It also examines how the United States should address China's ever-growing threat to regional rights, freedoms, trade, security and democracy

The President (Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo) of the known “bellwether on the continent of Africa – Ghana in December 2017 made a profound statement “Ghana Beyond Aid” to French President Emmanuel Macron on his visit to the country. The simple elucidation of this statement is that – the...

Globalization and for that reason, trade liberalization have been a major discourse on the table of many international forums; as global alliances seek to solve environmental and economic issues with a common front. International trade is accepted as the steering wheel for which growth and...

In 2013 China launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including in Indonesia a “Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road (Road)” that crosses the Indian Ocean (IO) and continues up into the Mediterranean. For Africa this produced an early Eastern focus for which there has been no...