The free-rider effects of commodity promotion are a neglected issue in the empirical literature. This study addresses the lacuna by considering the salmon promotion program conducted by the Norwegian Seafood Export Council. Specifically, a model of the world salmon market is used to indicate...

For nonprice promotion to benefit producers, it must raise the farm price. This principle seems not to be widely appreciated. In particular, a formula commonly used to measure returns to export promotion does not reflect price enhancement and therefore is problematic. An additional problem is...