The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international...

The traditional agriculture in Sudan occupies 60% of the total cultivated land and employs 65% of the agricultural population. Nevertheless, it is characterized by its low crop productivity, which is mainly driven by low technical efficiency, while drought and civil conflicts threaten most of...

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), which was signed by the government of Sudan and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) ended more than 20 years of civil war. According to the CPA, the Sudan’s government has 50% of the oil exploited from the wells existing in the south in...

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different plots sizes on the estimation of wheat yield in New-Halfa scheme. We applied crop cutting method to estimate wheat yield and multi-stage stratified sampling method for the sampling. We use a farm survey data with different plot...

1 Introduction Prior to the cession of the Southern Sudan from the Sudan in July 2011, there were many challenges that trap the population of many areas of the country by poverty. The education, health, water and sanitation services are extremely poor as a result of the long civil conflict...

Oxide heterostructures are an emerging materials platform for engineering the size, stability and motion of magnetic skyrmions in next-generation devices. Here we use off-axis sputtering to grow epitaxial thin films, comprising just two unit cells of SrIrO3 on ten unit cells of the oxide...

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/12/11.

Water is a scarce resource in Israel. With fluctuating supplies and an increasing demand, the need for using alternative water sources such as reclaimed wastewater, brackish groundwater and desalinated seawater increases. This paper investigates the economy-wide effects of a de-clining supply of...