We compute aggregate productivity of three categories of regions, classified by level of urbanization in the Netherlands, from firm-specific total factor productivity (TFP) measures. TFP measures are estimated by a semi-parametric algorithm, within 2-digit industries, covering agriculture,...

This study uses household level data collected in Shandong Province of China to study rural formal financial institutions' lending volume decisions, the number of lending approvals, and respondentsattitude towards interest rates on formal loan in China's rural setting. The main body of the...